What is Encoding?

NLP Fundamentals Series


Encoding is a way of representing text data in a computer-readable format. It assigns a unique numerical code to each character, symbol, or glyph, enabling computers to store, process, and display text accurately.

Types of Encoding:

1. ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

* 7-bit encoding, supporting 128 characters

* Limited to English alphabet, digits, and common symbols

* Widely used in early computers and programming languages

2. ISO-8859-1 (Latin-1)

* 8-bit encoding, supporting 256 characters

* Covers Western European languages, including English, Spanish, French, and German

* Still widely used in web pages and email

3. UTF-8 (8-bit Unicode Transformation Format)

* Variable-length encoding, supporting over 1 million characters

* Covers almost all languages, including non-English scripts like Chinese, Japanese, and Arabic

* Default encoding for most modern systems, including web browsers and operating systems

4. UTF-16 and UTF-32

* 16-bit and 32-bit encodings, respectively

* Support same characters as UTF-8 but with fixed-length encoding

* Used in certain systems, like Windows and Java, for specific purposes

5. CP1252 (Windows-1252)

* 8-bit encoding, supporting 256 characters

* Subset of ISO-8859-1, with additional Windows-specific characters

* Used in older Windows systems and applications

6. Latin1, CP1256, and other code pages

* Region-specific encodings for languages like French (CP1252), Arabic (CP1256), and Greek


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